Choudhury was born in 1936 in Bengal, at the time part of British India, and took up painting as a budding artist from his childhood. Choudhury taught at the College of Art, New Delhi, during 1961–66.
He had held about 80 solo exhibitions abroad, and in the 1970s his works were exhibited in Geneva with those of Salvadore Dali and Joan Miro. Choudhury referred to himself as an "aggressive painter" of "life full of misery". He often expressed his protests against like dowry system, corruption, and social inequalities, as well as the pain of Partition, through his paintings.
Choudhury died on 1 June 2018, at the age of 82.